Nasal Nitric Oxide is Not Altered by Topical Anesthesia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This prospective study was undertaken to determine whether topical nasal anesthetic agents affect nasal nitric oxide (NO) output in healthy adults. Seven volunteers (aged: 29-56 (40.6 +/- 10.7) years, six male), were recruited. A topical anesthetic (4% lidocaine or 0.5% tetracaine) was sprayed into the subject's right nostril while the left nostril served as a control. Unilateral nasal NO and nasal volume were measured before administration of the anesthetic and at 15 and 30 minutes after the administration. The mean (+/- SD) unilateral nasal NO output was 307 +/- 45.9 nL/minute from the right nostril (exposure side) before the topical application of lidocaine. At 30 minutes after topical application (n = 6), it was 295.5 +/- 41.5 in the right nostril and 297.5 +/- 39.8 in the left (control side). In the tetracaine group (n = 7), the mean (+/- SD) unilateral nasal NO output was 302 +/- 53.3 before the administration and 307 +/- 39.7 at 30 minutes after the administration in the right nostril. The mean NO output in the left nostril at 30 minutes after the administration was 297.7 +/- 40.75. In neither group was there any significant difference in nasal NO output between either the pre- and postlocal anesthetic application on the exposure side (Group 1, P = 0.76; group 2, P = 0.41) or the two nostrils after topical anesthesia application (group 1, P = 0.83; group 2, P = 0.62). Topical anesthesia with either lidocaine or tetracaine does not alter nasal NO output. NO measurement should not be affected in circumstances that require topical anesthesia of the nasal cavity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".