Effects of severe dwarf mistletoe infection on the ectomycorrhizal community of a<i>Pinus contorta</i>stand in Yellowstone Park
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Molecular methods were used to test the hypothesis that severe infection by dwarf mistletoe ( Arceuthobium , a carbon-sink parasite) affects the ectomycorrhizal (EM) communities of its host, lodgepole pine. Results indicate significantly lower EM fungal species richness (2 ± 0.2 SE species per core in uninfected and 1 ± 0.2 species per core in infected blocks; P < 0.005), Shannon–Wiener diversity indices (1.1 in uninfected and 0.6 in infected; P < 0.05), and also differences in species EM fungal composition; uninfected blocks are dominated by a species of Cortinarius while the infected stand is dominated by species of Russula , and Piloderma (26%). By contrast, dwarf mistletoe infection has no apparent effect on evenness (0.65 in controls and 0.47 in infected; 0.05 < P < 0.1), or on EM infection levels (35 ± 7 EM tips per core in uninfected and 21 ± 5 in infected; P > 0.1). Thus, dwarf mistletoe infection may select for EM fungal species that impose a lower carbon demand on the host, or that possess carbon-degrading abilities to augment carbon lost to the parasite, enabling the trees in infected blocks to maintain relatively high EM infection levels. Our results indicate that effects of dwarf mistletoe infection occur not just in the crown of infected but extend into the soil as well, and hence may have much greater implications for ecosystem function than previously thought.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".