Visualization of Flow Regime Transitions in Two-Phase Flow Under High Voltage Electric Fields
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of applying DC high voltage electric fields on two-phase flow regime transitions for flowing refrigerant HFC-134a were visualized using a high speed camera. The viewing test section was made of 10 mm inner diameter quartz tube with a 3.18 mm diameter charged electrode placed along the center of the tube. The quartz tube was coated with an electrically grounded transparent conductive film of Tin Oxide. The experiments were performed for mass flux (55 kg/m2s < G < 263 kg/m2s), quality (20% < x < 80%) and applied voltage (0 kV < V < 8 kV). The flow regime transitions depend on the flow regime prior to applying the EHD. For stratified flow, EHD increases the interfacial instabilities and causes liquid extraction to the upper section of the tube. When the flow regime is initially annular flow, EHD increases the uniformity of the annular film by extracting liquid from the thicker liquid regions into the vapor core.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".