<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>〈</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>φ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi>〉</mml:mi></mml:math>for a scalar field in 2D black holes: A new uniform approximation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We study nonconformal quantum scalar fields and averages of their local observables (such as $〈{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{2}{〉}^{\mathrm{ren}}$ and $〈{T}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}{〉}^{\mathrm{ren}})$ in the spacetime of a two-dimensional black hole. In order to get an analytical approximation for these expressions the WKB approximation is often used. We demonstrate that at the horizon the WKB approximation is violated for a nonconformal field, that is, when the field mass or/and the parameter of nonminimal coupling does not vanish. We propose a new ``uniform approximation'' which solves this problem. We use this approximation to obtain an improved analytical approximation for $〈{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{2}{〉}^{\mathrm{ren}}$ in the two-dimensional black hole geometry. We compare the results obtained with numerical calculations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.092 | 0.031 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".