Clinical Relevance of Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Nitrative Stress in Thrombotic Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of nitrite (NO(2)(-)), nitrate (NO(3)(-)), and nitrative stress in thrombotic primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS). METHODS: We investigated 46 patients with PAPS: 21 asymptomatic but persistent carriers of antiphospholipid antibodies (PCaPL), 38 patients with inherited thrombophilia (IT), 33 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 29 healthy controls (CTR). IgG anticardiolipin (aCL), IgG anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I (anti-ß(2)-GPI), IgG anti-high density lipoprotein (aHDL), IgG anti-apolipoprotein A-I (aApoA-I), crude nitrotyrosine (NT) (an indicator of nitrative stress), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by immunoassays. Plasma nitrite (NO(2)(-)), nitrate (NO(3)(-)), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by colorimetric spectroscopic assays. RESULTS: Average plasma NO(2)(-) was lower in PAPS, PCaPL, and IT (p < 0.0001); average NO(3)(-) was highest in SLE (p < 0.0001), whereas average NT was higher in PAPS and SLE (p = 0.01). In thrombotic PAPS, IgG aCL titer and number of vascular occlusions negatively predicted NO(2)(-) (p = 0.03 and p = 0.001, respectively), whereas arterial occlusions and smoking positively predicted NO(3)(-) (p = 0.05 and p = 0.005), and CRP positively predicted NT (p = 0.004). In the PCaPL group IgG aCL negatively predicted NO(3)(-) (p = 0.03). In the SLE group IgG aCL negatively predicted NO(2)(-) (p = 0.03) and NO(3)(-) (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: PAPS is characterized by decreased NO(2)(-) in relation to type and number of vascular occlusions and to aPL titers. Nitrative stress and low grade inflammation are linked phenomena in PAPS and may have implications for thrombosis and atherosclerosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".