Variation in size and shape of <i>Sphagnum</i> hummocks in relation to climatic conditions in Hokkaido Island, northern Japan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Regional variation in size and shape of Sphagnum hummocks of eight lowland mires throughout Hokkaido Island, northern Japan, was examined in relation to climatic factors. The size and shape of hummocks significantly differed among the regions: low and flat hummocks occurred in the northern region and next to the Sea of Japan; moderately raised and conical hummocks occurred in the western part of the Pacific coast; and extremely raised and cylindrical hummocks occurred in the eastern region. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the mean and maximum heights and height/basal area of hummocks were negatively correlated with evapotranspiration rate (E0) in summer, duration of sunshine, and air temperature. Of these, evapotranspiration rate in summer positively correlated with radiation and thermal factors. Mean height of hummocks within a mire was increased with precipitation during the growing season. Because the regional difference of the hummock form was not related to the difference in nutrient conditions, the effects of evapotranspiration and precipitation prevailed over edaphic conditions. Higher E0 in summer was considered to cause water stress for hummock species in the northern region and next to the Sea of Japan, whereas heavy rainfall relieved it in the western region of the Pacific coast. Consequently, lower and flat hummocks were a result of the higher E0 in summer, moderately raised and conical hummocks of the medium E0 and high precipitation, and extremely raised and cylindrical hummocks of a lower E0 due to prolonged foggy days.Key words: evapotranspiration, duration of sunshine, minerotrophy, ombrotrophy, precipitation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".