Bacterial DNA evokes epithelial IL‐8 production by a MAPK‐dependent, NFκB‐independent pathway
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recognition of bacterial products by the innate immune system is dependent on pattern‐recognition receptors: toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR‐9) in the case of bacterial DNA. We hypothesized that bacterial DNA can directly affect enteric epithelial cells. RT‐PCR revealed constitutive TLR‐9 mRNA expression in three human colonic epithelial cell lines (T84, HT‐29, Caco‐2) and THP‐1 monocytes. Epithelial cells, in six‐well culture plates or on filter supports, were exposed to E. coli DNA (1–50 µg/ml), synthetic CpG‐rich oligonucleotides, or calf thymus DNA for 6–48 h. Exposure to E. coli DNA resulted in an increase in IL‐8 mRNA, and a time‐and dose‐dependent increase in IL‐8 secretion. Also, CpG oligonucleotides induced epithelial IL‐8 production, whereas calf thymus DNA did not. Exposure to E. coli DNA resulted in phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 MAPK and inhibitors of ERK activity (PD98059, UO126) significantly reduced the evoked IL‐8 production. In contrast, inhibitors of NFκB activity (PDTC, SN50) did not block E. coli DNA‐induced IL‐8 production. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that E. coli DNA stimulated epithelial AP‐1 but not NFκB activation. The barrier (i.e., transepithelial resistance) and ion transport parameters of epithelial monolayers (assessed in Ussing chambers) were unaltered following E. coli DNA exposure. Thus model gut epithelia express TLR‐9 mRNA and, while maintaining their barrier function, can respond to E. coli DNA by increased IL‐8 production.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it