Investigation of the Effects of Fuel Injection Nozzle Parameters on Ignition Delay in Diesel Fuels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ignition delay of diesel fuels is a strong function of the chemical composition of the fuel. However, fuel injection nozzle parameters such as internal nozzle geometry, and nozzle spray pattern might also have a substantial effect on ignition delay. In order to understand these effects, ASTM test method D6890 was employed to measure the ignition delay of a single diesel reference fuel using several test nozzles. With the aid of test rigs that were developed, the nozzle parameters evaluated included internal nozzle geometry and nozzle spray pattern. The obtained geometry and spray characteristics of each of the test nozzles were then compared to their corresponding ignition delay values. The results of the investigation showed that nozzle pintle clearance has a strong effect on ignition delay, while nozzle spray pattern does not appear to have any effect on ignition delay as measured per ASTM D6890. Consistently, needle dimensions that drive the nozzle spray pattern did not appear to have any effect on ignition delay.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".