An Assessment of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides and Sucrose Concentration in Genus <i>Lens</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT To determine the natural variation for sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) concentration in lentils ( Lens culinaris Medik. ssp. culinaris ), we analyzed a subset of 168 Lens germplasm lines from the ICARDA collection. Significant ( P ≤ 0.05) variations were found for sucrose, total RFO concentrations, and composition of the three main RFO (specifically raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose). Sucrose concentration in domesticated genotypes ranged from 0.5 to 2.7 g 100 g −1 flour dry matter (DM) and was higher overall than the concentrations observed in wild genotypes (0.1 to 1.7 g 100 g −1 flour DM). Similarly, the RFO concentration in domesticated genotypes (4.0 to 6.1 mmoles 100 g −1 flour DM) was generally higher than in wild lentil genotypes (1.7 to 5.2 mmoles 100 g −1 flour DM). The verbascose, stachyose, and raffinose concentrations in domesticated genotypes ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 g, 1.5 to 3.5 g, and 1.5 to 3.0 g 100 g −1 flour DM, respectively, and were similar to concentrations measured in wild genotypes. Lens ervoides genotypes tended to have higher verbascose and lower stachyose concentrations than other genotypes. High raffinose and low verbascose concentrations were observed in Lens nigricans genotypes. The diversity in RFO, raffinose, and verbascose concentrations was higher in wild genotypes than domesticated lentils. Utilization of this natural variation in RFO concentration in genus Lens provides opportunities for the improvement of lentil seed quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".