Binary Mutual Diffusion Coefficients of Aqueous Cyclic Ethers at 25 °C. Tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-Dioxolane, 1,4-Dioxane, 1,3-Dioxane, Tetrahydropyran, and Trioxane
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Taylor dispersion and differential refractometry are used to measure mutual diffusion coefficients ( D ) for the binary mixtures 1,4-dioxane + water, 1,3-dioxolane + water, and tetrahydrofuran + water at 25 °C. For each of these systems the plot of D against composition shows a pronounced minimum. Activity and viscosity data for aqueous 1,4-dioxane are used to discuss the strong composition dependence of D in terms of changes in the mobilities and thermodynamic driving forces. Diffusion coefficients are also reported for dilute aqueous solutions of 1,3-dioxane, tetrahydropyran, and trioxane. The limiting diffusion coefficients of the infinitely dilute aqueous ethers are discussed in terms of ring size, number and relative location of the oxygens, and the ether partial molar volume. A second or a third oxygen in the five- or six-membered rings reduces the ether partial molar volumes by about 10 cm 3 ·mol - 1 and increases the limiting diffusion coefficients by (0.14 to 0.21) × 10 - 5 cm 2 ·s - 1 .
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it