Copper and health status of cattle grazing high-molybdenum forage from a reclaimed mine tailing site
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High concentrations (21–44 mg kg-1 dry matter) of Mo have been identified in forage in several reclaimed mining areas in British Columbia. Since Mo concentrations greater than 5 mg kg-1 in forage dry matter may result in molybdenosis because of a secondary Cu deficiency in ruminants, a study was undertaken to determine if cattle can safely graze the reclaimed land. For 12-wk grazing periods in 1994, 1995 and 1996, 32 cow/calf pairs grazed high-Mo forage at a reclaimed mine tailings site located at the Highland Valley Copper mine near Logan lake, BC. Half of the animals in the trial received a Cu supplement (All-Trace copper bolus) and the other half served as a control group. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in weight gain, liver Mo, serum Cu and Mo, and milk Cu and Mo between the two treatment groups of cows. Liver Cu was higher for the Cu bolus group at certain time periods in 1994 and 1995, indicating that the bolus was effective at supplying Cu. At all times, the liver Cu levels for the animals remained above the recommended critical level of 25 mg kg-1 dry matter. Animals appeared healthy and no signs of Cu deficiency were observed. Key words: Molybdenum, molybdenosis, copper, mine tailings, reclamation, animal health
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".