Evaluation of high protein distillers’ dried grains as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of high-protein corn distillers’ dried grains (HP-cDDG), from a plant using a front-end fractionation process, on broiler performance in batteries (0 to 20 d of age: exp. 1) and floor pens (0 to 33 d of age: exp. 2). In exp. 1, 1-d-old male broiler chicks were placed in batteries in an environmentally controlled room. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 16% HP-cDDG and to be isocaloric and isonitrogeneous. The mash diets were fed to eight replicates of six chicks per replicate from 0 to 20 d of age. Overall (0 to 20 d of age) the inclusion of 6% HP-cDDG or greater in the diets negatively impacted body weight (BW) gain and feed conversion ratio as compared with the control or the 3% HP-cDDG diet. The negative effect was likely due to a marginal lysine deficiency in the diets as the level of HP-cDDG increased. In exp. 2, 1-d-old male broiler chicks were housed in floor pens equipped with hanging tube feeders, a nipple watering system and pine wood shavings in an environmentally controlled room. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 16% HP-cDDG and to be isocaloric. The crumble (0 to 15 d of age) and pellet diets (16 to 33 d of age) were fed to eight replications per treatment containing 40 chicks per replication. There was no effect of up to 16% HP-cDDG inclusion on broiler performance during the starter period (0 to 15 d of age). However, any inclusion of HP-cDDG in the diets during the grower period (16 to 33 d of age) significantly decreased BW gain as compared with the control diet. Also, the inclusion of 9% HP-cDDG or greater to the diets negatively impacted feed conversion ratio. The reason for the depression in performance was also likely due to a lysine deficiency. In conclusion, HP-cDDG could be an acceptable feed ingredient for broilers, but special attention must be paid to the amino acid levels (especially lysine) in order to prevent deficiencies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".