Deoxyribonucleic Acid Fingerprinting in an Outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus Intracranial Infection after Neurotologic Surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Meningitis is the most common life-threatening infection occurring as an early postoperative complication of neurotologic surgery. From January to March 2001, Staphylococcus aureus intracranial infection developed in three patients; two cases were consecutive. METHODS: All staff members involved in surgery on any of the three patients had nasal swabs for S. aureus. The three patient isolates and all S. aureus isolates from staff members were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Operating room procedures were reviewed. RESULTS: All three patient isolates were identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Six staff members (40%) were found to be S. aureus carriers. The isolate from one staff members was identical to the patient isolates. A procedure audit of the operating room revealed several breaks in recommended practice. The staff carrier was immediately removed from patient care duties, given decolonization therapy, and treated for chronic rhinosinusitis. Practice changes in the operating room were implemented. CONCLUSIONS: S. aureus remains a common cause of surgical site infections. S. aureus carriage is common, and carriers with intercurrent respiratory infections have increased shedding and are a higher risk to patients. Proper use of barrier devices and consistent hand hygiene reduce bacterial contamination of the wound. Current operating room technology involves technical personnel not traditionally trained in operating room procedures. Epidemiologic investigation may be delayed if operating room records are incomplete with respect to these personnel. Molecular typing of bacterial isolates can identify common source outbreaks and effectively focus investigations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".