La police nationale, le renforcement démocratique et la consolidation de la paix au Burundi
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current reforms to the Burundi National Police are part of the wider security system reforms rooted in the Arusha Accords signed by the main Burundian political actors in 2003. Those accords envisaged the professionalisation of a police force dedicated to maintaining public security. Despite many efforts and important advances, the police are still faced with enduring challenges such as gaps between new laws and police behaviour, weak operational capacities, the poor representation of women and manipulation by political parties. These challenges are related in part to the ambiguities of the post-conflict context, but they are also rooted in inherited structural and cultural legacies such as patrimonial politics. Résumé La plupart des projets menés au sein de la police nationale du Burundi s'inscrivent plus largement dans le processus de réforme des forces de sécurité décidé par les acteurs politiques burundais lors des négociations pour la paix d'Arusha. L'un des principaux changements préconisés par l'Accord d'Arusha dans cette nouvelle dynamique touche la professionnalisation des forces de sécurité. Malgré des efforts constants et des progrès importants, la police demeure toujours confrontée à de nombreux défis tels que les brèches entre les nouvelles normes et la conduite de certains policiers, les faibles capacités opérationnelles, une pauvre représentation des femmes et la manipulation politique. Ces défis sont en partie liés au contexte post-conflit ambigu, mais elles sont aussi ancrées dans des legs structurels et culturels, entre autres, le patrimonialisme.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".