Parameters of the dust envelope of the symbiotic star CH Cygni
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The brightness and color variations of the symbiotic star CH Cygni are studied, and its stationary, spherically symmetric, extended dust envelope is modeled based on long-term UBVRJHKLM photometry, the mid-IR spectral energy distribution (7–23 µm), and far-IR fluxes measured by IRAS and ISO. The existence of a hot dust envelope, detected earlier in the near IR, is confirmed; the optical depth of the envelope has probably increased with time. Model fits to the IRAS and ISO data indicate that the V -band optical depth increased from 0.22 to 0.41 due to dust density enhancement during the 14 years between the observations by the two spacecraft. The mass-loss rate, gas-expansion velocity at the outer boundary of the envelope, and upper limit of the mass of the central source of emission are estimated assuming that the stellar wind of the system is driven by the pressure of the red giant's radiation on the dust, with subsequent momentum transfer to the gaseous medium.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".