Acute nosocomial HCV infection detected by NAT of a regular blood donor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Routine HCV NAT of blood donors to detect persons in the preseroconversion phase of acute infection was introduced in Canada in October 1999. The source of virus exposure was investigated in the first, and to date only, blood donor found to be HCV NAT positive, anti-HCV negative in Canada. He was a regular donor with none of the commonly reported risk factors for HCV infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Epidemiologic follow-up revealed that the blood donor had received antibiotics at an outpatient IV clinic 5 weeks before donation. IV solution bags and tubing for individual patients were stored in the clinic, and then the same equipment was used each time the patient returned for the next dose of antibiotics until it was replaced after every 72-hour period. Among eight other patients whose clinic visitation times overlapped was a man with chronic HCV infection. Genomic sequencing of HCV isolates from the blood donor, the patient with chronic hepatitis C, and local controls was carried out to study possible nosocomial infection. RESULTS: Genomic sequencing showed a high degree of relatedness in the hypervariable region of HCV isolates from the blood donor and putative source patient as compared with controls. Detailed molecular analysis of quasispecies of the HCV isolates further indicated that viruses from the two individuals were genetically very close to each other. CONCLUSION: The introduction of routine screening of blood donors by HCV NAT was directly responsible for the early detection and investigation of an unusual case of HCV infection involving a regular donor. Genomic sequencing studies provided firm evidence of patient-to-patient transmission of HCV in an IV clinic. The report clearly demonstrates the value of molecular fingerprinting in tracking nosocomial HCV infections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".