Monte Carlo Simulations of DNA Damage from Incorporated Cold Iodine Following Photoelectrically Induced Auger Electron Cascades
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Radiation-induced damage in nucleosomal DNA from Auger electron cascades due to incorporated cold IUdR has been modelled through Monte Carlo simulations. Probabilities of DNA double strand break (DSB) production following a vacancy in the K, L, M and N shells of iodine are estimated. DSB complexity from the base damage accompanying a break was also estimated. Multiple DSB events were analysed for correlated breaks due to nucleosome periodicity. The probability of an Auger cascade causing at least one DSB strongly depended on the shell in which the initial vacancy was produced. This probability was approximately 0.35 for K and L shells and fell to 0.02 for the N shell. As expected, DSBs were predominantly induced in a nucleosome containing incorporated iodine and were accompanied with extensive base damage. Analysis of multiple DSB events showed that approximately 14% of the DSBs produced following a vacancy in the L1 orbital can be interpreted as correlated with base pair separation attributable to the nucleosome periodicity. The data generated in this work provide a basis for the development of photon-activation therapy using kilovoltage X rays incident upon IUdR sensitised tumours.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".