Regulating the β′→β polymorphic transition in food fats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCSO) is commonly used as a β′‐stable fat in margarines and shortenings. In the present study, the crystallization behavior of HCSO is altered via dilution, agitation, tempering regime, and the addition of an emulsifier [polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PgPr)]. Key properties assessed include crystal morphology (with polarized light microscopy), polymorphic behavior (with X‐ray diffraction), and crystallization kinetics (with DSC). It is demonstrated that on considerable dilution with canola oil (4% w/w), HCSO can be crystallized in the β′ or β polymorph with associated changes in crystal morphology, depending on tempering regime. Crystallization from the melt to 25°C results in the β′‐form, as there is insufficient supercooling to form the β polymorph but enough to form the metastable β′. With cooling from the melt to 5°C, there is adequate supercooling for the δ polymorph to form, with the presence of the canola oil facilitating the transformation toward this stable phase. Static vs. crystallization under agitation does not lead to visible changes in either polymorphic behavior or crystal morphology. However, there is extensive secondary nucleation and growth as a result of crystals breaking off accreting agglomerates. The presence of PgPr, added as a crystal modifier, does not affect the final crystal polymorph or morphology, except under one set of conditions—crystallization from the melt to 5°C with agitation, whereby it considerably alters crystallization behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".