Expression and regulation of the bile acid transporter, OST<i>α</i>‐OST<i>β</i> in rat and human intestine and liver
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The regulation of the OSTalpha and OSTbeta expression was studied in the rat jejunum, ileum, colon and liver and in human ileum and liver by ligands for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), vitamin D receptor (VDR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) using precision cut tissue slices. The gradient of protein and mRNA expression in segments of the intestine for rOSTalpha and rOSTbeta paralleled that of rASBT. OSTalpha and OSTbeta mRNA expression, quantified by qRT-PCR, in rat jejunum, ileum, colon and liver, and in human ileum and liver was positively regulated by FXR and GR ligands. In contrast, the VDR ligand, 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased the expression of rOSTalpha-rOSTbeta in rat intestine, but had no effect on human ileum, and rat and human liver slices. Lithocholic acid (LCA) decreased the expression of rOSTalpha and rOSTbeta in rat ileum but induced OSTalpha-OSTbeta expression in rat liver slices, and human ileum and liver slices. The PXR ligand, pregnenolone-16alpha carbonitrile (PCN) had no effect. This study suggest that, apart from FXR ligands, the OSTalpha and OSTbeta genes are also regulated by VDR and GR ligands and not by PXR ligands. This study show that VDR ligands exerted different effects on OSTalpha-OSTbeta in the rat and human intestine and liver compared with other nuclear receptors, FXR, PXR, and GR, pointing to species- and organ-specific differences in the regulation of OSTalpha-OSTbeta genes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".