Nutrient excretion by crustacean zooplankton in the deep chlorophyll layer of Lake Superior
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We hypothesized that the resident and migrating cold-water zooplankton in Lake Superior concentrate beneath the thermocline and elevate nutrient availability via mineralization in the deep chlorophyll layer (DCL). In August 2010 and 2011, diel vertical net tows and incubation experiments were conducted in the western arm of Lake Superior to measure zooplankton distribution and excretion of dissolved nutrients. Limnocalanus macrurus showed the strongest spatial overlap with the DCL, and the broader crustacean community excreted P at 0.145 μg·mg−1·h−1 and N at 0.617 μg·mg−1·h−1 as soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonia, respectively. Mysis diluviana displayed strong diel vertical migration into the DCL and excreted P at 0.013 μg·mg−1·h−1 and N at 0.116 μg·mg−1·h−1 as SRP and ammonia, respectively. Based on primary productivity estimates, the zooplankton community has the potential to meet the daily phosphorus demand by phytoplankton in the DCL during late-season stratification. Our excretion estimates indicate a possible coupling between the cold-water zooplankton community and production in the DCL of Lake Superior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".