MODELING MECHANICAL CELL DAMAGE IN THE BIOPRINTING PROCESS EMPLOYING A CONICAL NEEDLE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biofabrication technologies involve the incorporation of living cells into various bioproducts by employing different cell manipulation techniques. Among them, bioprinting, delivering cell suspension through a fine needle under pressurized air, has been widely used because of its capability of precise process control. In the cell-printing process of bioprinting, cells are exposed to fluid stresses due to the velocity gradient in the fine needle. If the stresses exceed a certain level, the cell membrane may be overstretched, leading to membrane failure and thus causing mechanical cell damage. Modeling the mechanical cell damage in the bioprinting process is a challenging task due to the complex fluid flow and cell deformation involved. This paper introduces a novel method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to represent the mechanical cell damage in the bioprinting process using a conical needle. Specifically, the cell deformation and movement during the cell-fluid interaction processes were represented by the immersed boundary method (IBM). A strain energy density (SED)-based cell damage criterion was developed and used to determine cell damage. Experiments were performed by using 3T3 fibroblasts and the results agree well with the proposed model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".