Effect of Variation in Food Components and Composition on the Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano and Clove Essential Oils in Broth and in a Reformulated Reduced Salt Vegetable Soup Product
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p>The objective of this study was to determine and quantify the influence of various food components (carbohydrates, fat, protein or NaCl contents) or chemical properties (pH, water activity levels) on the antimicrobial efficacy of oregano and clove essential oils (EOs). Growth of <em>Listeria innocua</em> or <em>Escherichia coli</em> treated with oregano or clove EOs was monitored following separate addition of various food components. Antimicrobial activity of EOs was enhanced in presence of NaCl (? 0.5 g/100 ml), or in media with low pH values (? 5.0), especially when adjusted with organic acids. Enhanced antimicrobial activity was observed following reduction in water activity, which appeared related to the nature of solute used. Antibacterial activity of EOs was reduced in presence of vegetable oil (? 1 ml/100 ml), protein (? 1 g/100 ml) or starch (? 10 g/100 ml).<strong> </strong>Based on data obtained, the composition of vegetable soup was altered to optimise the efficacy of EOs, by lowering the pH to 5.0 using citric acid. A combination of oregano EO and acidification appeared to control growth of <em>L. innocua</em> and <em>E. coli</em> during storage at 4 or 10<sup> </sup>ºC. Thus, reformulation treatments including EO addition should be considered to improve the shelf-life of chilled ready meals.</p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | low |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".