Functional disturbances in the striatum by region-specific ablation of NMDA receptors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To study the role of NMDA receptors in dopamine signaling of the striatum, the brain area that receives glutamatergic inputs from various cortical areas and most dopaminergic inputs, we generated striatum-specific NMDA receptor-deficient mice. The mutant pups showed reduced food intake and retarded growth starting at the second postnatal week and died on approximately postnatal day 20 (P20). The time course of postnatal lethality is similar to that of compound mutant, double knockout of dopamine D1/D2 receptors, or genetically engineered dopamine-deficient mouse. In vivo electrophysiological recordings in the mutant pups showed that frequencies in the range of gamma oscillation were reduced in the striatal circuits. Moreover, the number of functional dopamine receptors in the striatum as measured by D1- and D2-binding experiments was greatly diminished in the mutants as compared with control animals. A consequence of diminished dopamine binding in the striatum manifested in an increase of locomotor activity. The administration of D1/D2 agonists paradoxically reduced the hyperactivity of the mutant mice as compared with an increase in locomotor activity in control mice. These results demonstrate that the NMDA receptor plays an essential role in the integration of dopamine signaling in the striatum and that is required in behavioral function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".