East meets West: infection, nerves, and mast cells in the irritable bowel syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The incidence of irritable bowel syndrome following acute gastroenteritis in China is similar to that reported in the UK and North America The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastroenterological disorder seen in Western societies where it imposes a major socioeconomic burden.1 The economic impact of IBS arises, at least in part, from difficulties in diagnosis and treatment, which in turn reflect our limited conceptualisation of this disorder. Recent studies have identified acute bacterial gastroenteritis as a strong risk factor for the development of IBS2 but evidence supporting this relationship is limited to studies performed in Western countries.3–7 Although IBS has received less attention in non-Western countries, available data suggest that it is common in the African continent,8–10 Malaysia,11 and China12 where the condition is significantly underdiagnosed by Western practitioners.13 This hesitation in diagnosing IBS in Eastern countries likely reflects uncertainty regarding the influence of culture and endemic infection on the clinical expression of IBS in these countries. Indeed, in countries where enteric parasitic infestation is common, there is controversy regarding the role of infection in the development of IBS, as eradication of the parasite may not improve IBS symptoms.14 However, studies in animal models suggest that the host response to the initial infection is a critical determinant of persistent gut dysfunction, and the continued presence of the parasite is not necessary for induction of a chronic dysfunctional …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.015 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".