Pre-school traumatic brain injury and its impact on social development at 8 years of age
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To confirm the clinical impression that younger pre-school children (<4 years at time of injury) who are referred to a tertiary care centre for management with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have poorer social, cognitive, physical and emotional outcomes compared to older pre-schoolers (4-6 years at time of injury) and to describe the prevalence and severity of their social impairment at 8 years of age. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of pre-schoolers with moderate-to-severe TBI from 1995-2009. Their social, cognitive, physical and emotional outcomes were assessed at 8 years of age using the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-Paediatric. RESULTS: Of 130 pre-schoolers enrolled in the database who sustained a TBI < 6 years, 93 were seen at 8 years of age (57 males, 36 females). Younger pre-schoolers (n = 61, mean 2.6 years) had inferior social outcomes (p = 0.04) and cognitive abilities (p = 0.006), trended toward poorer physical outcomes (p = 0.1), with no difference for emotional outcomes (p = 0.2), compared to older pre-schoolers (n = 32, mean 5.0 years). Overall, 19/93 had normal social function, 38/93 had mild impairment, 21/93 had moderate impairment and 15/93 had severe impairment to social function. CONCLUSIONS: Children <4 years at the time of moderate-to-severe TBI have poorer social, cognitive and physical outcomes compared to older pre-schoolers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".