Home Care Utilization and Costs in Stage IV Lung Cancer: a Canadian Public Payer Experience
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SUMMARY Background: Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and there is limited information on the type, quantity and cost of home care services (HCS) for LC. Aim: The objectives of this study include: identifying a stage IV LC cohort; determining the utilization and costs of HCS for the stage IV LC cohort; and comparing HCS utilization and costs by phase of disease. Methods: New cases of stage IV LC were extracted from a provincial cancer registry and linked to administrative datasets. HCS utilization and costs (2009 Canadian dollars [CAD]) for stage IV cases were determined from a public payer perspective and by disease phase. Results: There are 4616 stage IV LC patients who used HCS.. The mean number of HCS visits per 30 days was 7.7 and the mean cost per 30 days was CAD$798 for terminal-phase patients. Conclusion: HCS costs for stage IV patients are less expensive than other health resources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".