The endothermic nature of the binding of anionic bile salts to a cationic adsorbent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The binding of a hydrophobic bile salt, sodium chenodeoxycholate, by a polyacrylamide with N,N,N-trimethylammonium dodecyl chloride (QPDA12) pendant groups was studied to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters associated with the binding. The Langmuir equation was used in interpreting the data obtained from HPLC measurements. An increase in binding affinity was observed with increasing temperature indicating that the driving force for binding is derived from an increase in entropy (ΔS° = 253 J mol1K1) despite the positive, or unfavourable, enthalpy change (ΔH° = 53 kJ mol1). The positive thermodynamic parameters associated with the binding suggest that the disruption of hydrophobic and (or) ionic hydration associated with the bile salts and cationic polymer is the driving force for the binding.Key words: bile salts, endothermic binding, polymer sorbents, solvent randomization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".