An Estimate of the Proportion of Symptoms Reported in Self-Administered Questionnaires That Are Captured as Adverse Drug Events in an Observational Database
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine how frequently self-reported symptoms are captured as adverse drug events (ADEs) during chart abstraction. METHOD: We studied Ontario Cohort Study (OCS) participants attending the Toronto Hospital Immunodeficiency Clinic and compared OCS data on ADEs collected semi-annually through chart review and a self-administered questionnaire, completed on up to three occasions, which asked about the frequency, severity, and chronicity of symptoms including diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, and changes in body shape. Among 64 participants who completed the questionnaires, the median age was 42 years, the median time since HIV diagnosis was 9 years, 84% were male, 58% were men who had sex with men, 70% had viral load levels below 50 copies/mL, and the median CD4 was 422 cells/mm3. All patients were taking antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) number of symptoms per participant reported on the questionnaire at the first visit was 3 (1-5). The most common symptoms reported by patients were diarrhea (58%), headache (59%), difficulty sleeping (52%), dry skin (53%), and changes in body shape (52%). The median number of ADEs during the study period per participant in OCS was 1 (0-2). Of 345 symptoms identified on the questionnaire, 16% were reported as ADEs in the OCS. CONCLUSION: Although some symptoms were correctly not classified as ADEs as they were not related to antiretroviral medication, others may have been missed due to incomplete reporting to the physician, incomplete physician recording, or errors in chart extraction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it