Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose The electroretinogram (ERG) waveform usually consists of two major components, the a‐ and b‐waves. Exceptions to the above rule are scotopic ERGs evoked to dim flashes, where only b‐waves are recorded. The aim of this study was to examine if the no a‐wave ERG was a feature of scotopic ERG only and try to explain why it occurs. Methods Photopic (background: 30 cd.s.m‐2; flash:‐1.81 to 2.84 log cd.s.m‐2 in 0.2 log unit steps) and scotopic (‐5.01 to ‐0.96 log cd.s.m‐2 in 0.4 log unit steps) ERG luminance‐response functions were obtained from normal human subjects (n=30) and Long‐Evans (n=8) and Sprague‐Dawley (n=8) rats (scotopic ERGs only). Results Human photopic ERG waveform always included an a‐wave. With flash luminance, its peak time first increased, reached a maximal value and then decreased progressively and could be fitted to a fourth order polynomial function. In contrast, scotopic a‐waves appeared only in ERGs evoked to flashes equal to or brighter than ‐3.01 log cd.s.m‐2. With increasing intensity, the peak time of the a‐wave shortened following a linear model.On average, for each log‐unit of flash attenuation, the scotopic a‐wave shortened by more than 10 ms compared to 1.4 ms for the photopic one. Of interest, in rat scotopic ERGs evoked to the dimmest intensities the a‐wave appeared to be replaced by a group of short latency oscillations that were best seen in recordings where the low frequency cut‐off had been raised to 100 Hz. Conclusion The a‐b‐wave rule seems to apply only to photopic ERGs where an a‐wave was still identifiable in ERGs smaller than 1% of maximal amplitude. One wonders if the submicrovolt oscillations occurring prior to the onset of the b‐wave of rat scotopic ERGs evoked to dim flashes could represent remnant of the original a‐wave. Funded by CIHR
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".