Successful Acid Treatments in Horizontal Openholes using Dynamic Diversion and Instant Response Downhole Mixing—An In-Depth Postjob Evaluation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper discusses a relatively new acid-stimulation process that uses dynamic fluid energy to divert flow into a specific fracture point in the well that can initiate and accurately place a hydraulic fracture. These acid-stimulation methods often use two independent fluid streams: the acid phase down the treating string and other liquids or gases down the annulus. The annular fluid may simply serve as a wellbore pressurizing component, or with this process, two different fluids can be mixed downhole with high energy to form a homogenous mixture. Using variations of this process, treatments were performed in four openhole, horizontal wells in the same formation. The first well was acid-fractured with coiled tubing to place many small fractures along the open hole. The second well was acidfractured with coiled tubing, but downhole mixing concepts were also used to provide in-situ generation of CO2 foam where fewer, but larger, fractures were placed in this well. The third and fourth wells were treated with acid using blasting-type rotating or non-rotating jetting tools while mixing the acid with CO2 downhole. Numerous small, near-wellbore fractures were the expected result in these two wells. Experimental laboratory investigation of the physical mechanisms that contributed to these successful stimulations was considered important. Large-scale laboratory tests were performed to more closely examine the physical rock response to the jetting mechanism and conditions. The findings of these tests are presented in this paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".