Heparin, Fatty Acids and Sodium, Potassium-ATPase Inhibition by Plasma Factors during Hemodialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess the relationship between heparin and the associated increase in nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and their possible influence on Na,K-ATPase during hemodialysis, we studied two groups of patients: (1) 12 patients on chronic hemodialysis dialysed with heparin and (2) 6 patients dialysed without heparin. All 12 patients who received heparin anticoagulation had a 7-fold rise in NEFA on average and also had an increase in circulating inhibitors of Na,K-ATPase assayed by 3H-ouabain displacement from Na,K-ATPase and/or by effect of plasma on the uptake of 86Rb by rat aortic rings. Serial assays in 3 of the patients receiving heparin showed NEFA and inhibitory changes to be at or near maximum within 30-60 min. Of the individual NEFA, the greatest relative increases were in oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids, and the strongest correlations were between linoleic acid and both 3H-ouabain displacement (r = 0.94) and 86Rb uptake (r = 0.86). However, a small and slower increase in NEFA also occurred in 3 of the patients dialysed without heparin. We conclude that heparin anticoagulation during dialysis leads to a rapid and marked increase in circulating NEFA, particularly the unsaturated fatty acids, with a corresponding interference with Na,K-ATPase activity. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown. The rise in NEFA during dialysis without heparin in some patients suggests that factors other than heparin may also contribute to the rise in NEFA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".