Well-logging and Near-surface Seismic Methods for Aquifer Detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Well-logs, high resolution shallow seismic, and VSP surveys were conducted in a experimental well near Priddis, Alberta, to test their feasibility in characterizing the near-surface stratigraphy and hydrogeological characteristics of the Paskapoo Formation. According to the analysis of well logs, the well penetrates interbeds of sandstone-shale layers and five porous zones were identified at depths of 28, 39, 50, 62 and 120 m, ranging from 0.34 to 0.58. Among these porous zones, there were three water-bearing zones at depths of 28, 50 and 120 m. Based on the P-wave velocities calculated from the sonic log, surface-wave analysis was carried out to estimate S-wave velocities. Up to depths of 40 m, the respective P-wave velocities for the sandstone and shale units were 2250 m/s and 2080 m/s, and 1220 and 1150 m/s for the S-wave, respectively. Using a microphone-geophone analysis, the airwave was characterized by high frequency and broadband. The integral interpretation of all the datasets and well-logs show a good correlation between all of them. The water-bearing zones (28 and 50 m) and the strong reflector at 76 m were resolved by the surface seismic and VSP data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".