Trapping and detrapping of electrons photoinjected from silicon to ultrathin SiO2 overlayers. I. In vacuum and in the presence of ambient oxygen
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transient trapping/detrapping of electrons at the Si(100)/SiO2 outer surface is studied studied in vacuum or with an O2 ambient (between 10−3 and 30 Torr) following internal electron photoemission from Si. Photoemission-current (produced by a 150 fs, 800 nm laser source) and contact-potential-difference techniques were used to investigate a wide variety of n- and p-doped samples at 300 K with thermally grown, steam grown, and dry oxides with thickness ⩽5 nm as well as samples with the oxide layers removed. Characteristics of the steam grown oxide were also studied at 400 and 200 K. For samples in vacuum charging is attributed to direct filling of at least two families of traps, one related to the oxide and the other the Si/SiO2 interface. For samples in O2, details of oxygen-assisted surface charging as reported previously [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 920 (1996)] are given. A fast, Coulomb-repulsion driven spillover of surface charge from the irradiated spot to the rest of the surface was detected. Oxygen aids trap filling of the in-vacuum filled and gas-sensitive traps and also detrapping (the efficacy of which increases strongly from 400 to 200 K) when the optical excitation source is removed. Surface transient charging and charge trapping efficacy for the oxidized samples are not very sensitive to sample preparation. A mobility of the trapped charges, probably hopping between traps and also Coulomb-repulsion driven, was measured.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".