Cultural Differences in Leadership Styles of Pharmacist Preceptors
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pharmacists often work in teams and care for patients from a variety of cultures. Pharmacists may have a formal or informal leadership role within the work team. This study allowed a group of pharmacists with responsibility as preceptors for students to assess their own leadership style. This knowledge could be used to increase the cultural competence of pharmacists and improve their leadership effectiveness. A total of 131 pharmacy preceptor responses were received of which about half were from females and half from males. The results of this study found that mean leadership style did vary significantly based upon several attributes. We found that the majority of pharmacist preceptors surveyed have a selling style of leadership, similar to two previous surveys of pharmacy leadership styles. Multilingual preceptors, especially those in management roles, will tend to have higher task expectations than most of the staff and students they interact with on a daily basis. Implications and limitations are also discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it