Carboxyhemoglobin (COHB) Saturations in Sudden Unexpected Deaths of Children Under Two Years of Age in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) saturation analysis is one of the routine toxicological examinations performed in the province of Ontario for all deaths involving children under 2 years of age where the cause of death is unknown. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels were measured in 116 cases that arrived at the Toxicology Section of the Centre of Forensic Sciences (CFS) between April 1996 and April 2000. COHb saturations in all cases were consistent with normal environmental exposure and averaged 3.0 ± 0.1% (range from 1.0% to 9.0%). There was no statistically significant effect of gender (males 3.0 ± 0.2% and females 3.0 ± 0.2%) or age group (neonates 2.8 ± 0.2%, infants 3.1 ± 0.2% and children 2.8 ± 0.3%) on COHb saturation. The present results suggest that a COHb level in a toxic range is a highly improbable finding (0 in 116 cases) in sudden unexpected deaths of children under the age of 2 years. Therefore, it is recommended that COHb levels be measured in pediatric deaths only if the case history suggests possible exposure to a CO source and/or postmortem examination reveals signs of possible CO intoxication.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".