Stable Isotope Stratigraphy of a Late Last Interglacial Speleothem from Rana, Northern Norway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A stalagmite from Rana, northern Norway, dated by the TIMS uranium-series technique, yields records of stable oxygen and carbon isotopes covering the period from late marine oxygen isotope substages (MIS) 5e to 5a, that is, 123,350 to 73,300 yr ago. Rapid growth (∼46 μm/yr) between 123,350 and 119,500 yr ago reflects climatic conditions favorable for speleothem growth. This period is characterized by century- to millennial-scale oscillations in both stable isotope records, where both the absolute values and the isotope ranges are similar to Holocene and older samples from the region. From 119,500 to 107,700 yr ago, speleothem growth was slow (∼0.7 μm/yr), and between 107,700 and 73,300 yr ago growth is barely noticeable (0.07 μm/yr). During the period of slow growth the stable isotope records show an overall enrichment trend. The transition between rapid and slow growth rate occurring sometime between 119,500 and 107,700 yr ago is believed to reflect the termination of interglacial climate in this region. The absence of detritus and corrosion features in the slowly deposited calcite suggests that the valley outside the cave remained sufficiently ice free for speleothem growth to occur until at least 73,300 yr ago.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".