Measurements of residual strains and stresses in laser formed plates of Ti-6Al-4V using synchrotron X-ray diffraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique is used to examine the development of residual strains in laser formed plates of the α - β titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. The following conditions were studied: (A) one pass of the laser beam; (B) three passes with intervals of 10 s between scans; (C) three passes but with 90 s intervals; (D) five passes with 10 s intervals; and (E) five passes with 90 s intervals. Measurements were made in both the longitudinal and transverse directions using the {1013} and {1120} lattice planes. The sample with five passes and 90 s intervals exhibited the largest residual stresses in the longitudinal direction, and the sample with a single pass had the lowest. The width of the zone of tensile strain was largest in the sample with five passes at 10 s intervals; next was the sample with three passes at 10 s intervals. Optical microscopy and microhardness tests demonstrated that the temperature-time history associated with condition D was sufficient to partially anneal the material, and hence low strains were observed. Needle probe distortion measurements showed that condition D resulted in the largest distortion angle (∼7.0°) while the smallest distortion (∼0.4°) was observed after condition A.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".