Attenuated T-Lymphocyte Response to HIV Therapy in Individuals Receiving HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The protease inhibitor class of antiretroviral agents is associated with the unwanted side effect of hypertriglyceridemia, which is usually treated with either HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) or fibrates. However, since statin therapy is intrinsically immunomodulatory, we questioned whether the T-cell response of patients who received PI-based therapy plus statin differed from the response of patients on PI therapy alone or on PI therapy with a fibrate. METHOD: Retrospective cohort study. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients who had received ritonavir/saquinavir (R/S)-based antiretroviral therapy for 5 or more years were evaluated and stratified into four treatment groups: patients on R/S alone (n = 9), patients on R/S and stavudine/lamivudine (d4T/3TC) (n = 10), patients on R/S with or without d4T/3TC and statin (n = 11), or patients on R/S with or without d4T/3TC and fibrate (n = 5). All patients had suppressed levels of viral replication at all time points. T-cell responses were similar in all four groups before they were exposed to lipid-lowering agents. After the addition of lipid-lowering agents, absolute CD4 T-cell responses were lower in the statin group than in all other groups (p <.05), when measured after 6, 12, and 18 months of treatment. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that T-cell responses are influenced by the choice of anti-lipid agent and suggest that a prospective comparison is needed to determine the clinical relevance of these findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".