Epidural analgesia and postoperative lipid metabolism: Stable isotope studies during a fasted/fed state☆
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although previous studies have reported an inhibitory effect of epidural block and glucose feeding on plasma concentrations of glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA), it remains unclear how epidural analgesia modifies the postoperative production and uptake of lipid metabolites. This can be achieved by determining the rate of lipolysis during a feeding state with dextrose. METHODS: Twelve patients with or without postoperative epidural analgesia were studied 48 hours after surgery. They underwent a 6-hour stable isotope infusion study using [1,1,2,3,3,-(2)H(5)] glycerol; 3 hours of fasting, and 3 hours of dextrose infusion (4 mg/kg/min). The rate of glycerol appearance (R(a) glycerol) i.e., rate of lipolysis, and plasma concentrations of glycerol, FFA, glucose, lactate, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol were measured during the fasted and the fed states. RESULTS: The rates of lipolysis were similar in both groups during the fasted state and were not modified by dextrose infusion. In contrast, plasma concentrations of glycerol and FFA were decreased significantly during the fed state (P <.01). Glycerol clearance (ratio between R(a) glycerol and plasma glycerol concentration) increased significantly in both groups (P <.05) with feeding. Similarly, plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin increased significantly following feeding with dextrose in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated rates of lipolysis associated with surgery cannot be suppressed by either epidural analgesia or dextrose feeding implying that the sustained stress response continues in the postoperative period and is the most important factor responsible for the increased release of glycerol.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".