Relevance of Nontoxigenic Strains as Surrogates for <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 in Groundwater Contamination Potential: Role of Temperature and Cell Acclimation Time
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nontoxigenic bacteria are commonly used as indicators for predicting the contamination potential of pathogens in natural or engineered aqueous environments. In this study, column transport experiments were used to examine the relevance of two nontoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as potential surrogates for the well-known pathogen. Experiments conducted at 11 degrees C indicate that only one of the nontoxigenic strains may be an appropriate surrogate for predicting the migration potential of the pathogen at low solution ionic strengths. Results of various bacterial characterization methods indicate that differences in cell attachment could qualitatively, but convincingly, be related to differences in cell surface charge. Additional experiments conducted at 22 degrees C reveal the influence of temperature on bacterial cell surface charge and cell attachmentto sand. The role of cell acclimation time to an artificial groundwater solution is also examined, showing little change in the degree of cell attachment over a period of several weeks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".