Micellar properties of zwitterionic surfactant - alkoxyethanol mixed micelles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The micelle formation process for a zwitterionic surfactant, N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (ZW3-12), has been investigated in a series of mixed solvents consisting of different concentrations of ethoxylated alcohols and polymers. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc values) of the aggregates were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy, and the surfactant aggregation numbers were obtained from luminescence probing experiments. The cmc values for ZW3-12 changed very little in the presence of increasing amounts of poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO) in the mixed solvent. In the case of the ethoxylated alcohol ZW3-12 systems, the cmc values and aggregation numbers decreased systematically with increasing alcohol concentration. However, the cmc values of the mixed micelles showed little dependence on the number of ethylene oxide (EO) groups at constant alcohol concentration. These results are compared with the well-studied sodium dodecylsulfate ethoxylated alcohol, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide ethoxylated alcohol mixed micellar systems and to SDSPEO systems and are discussed in terms of the contribution of the EO groups to the hydrophobic interactions. Key words: zwitterionic surfactant, alcohols, mixed micelles, luminescence probing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".