Effects of different concentrations of anticoagulant on the in vitro characteristics of autologous whole blood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Routinely, 450 mL of blood is collected into 63 mL of CPDA-1, for a final anticoagulant:blood ratio of approximately 1:7 in a whole-blood autologous unit. If less than 300 mL of blood is to be collected, the AABB standards suggest that there should be a proportionate decrease in anticoagulant. Data from an autologous blood program showed a range in volume from 92 mL to 667 mL per bag, which reflects an anticoagulant:blood ratio of 2:1 to 1:10. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To determine the effects of these ratios on the in vitro function of RBCs at various anticoagulant ratios, blood was collected into different amounts of anticoagulant, and various measurements were made during storage. RESULTS: The number of RBCs and the MCV remained constant over time, regardless of the anticoagulant dilution used. Plasma free Hb increased with time with all dilutions. At a 1:2 ratio, it rose from 734 mg per L on Day 1 to 1805 mg per L on Day 35, and at 1:8, it was 355 mg per L for Day 1 and 854 mg per L on Day 35. Plasma sodium decreased and the potassium increased over time with all dilutions. From Day 1 to Day 35, there was a nine-fold increase in potassium at both the 1:2 and 1:8 dilutions (2.4 to 22.9 mmol/L, 3.2 to 29.6 mmol/L, respectively). The LDH increased over time and the pH decreased in all of the dilutions. Osmotic fragility remained constant at the 1:8 dilution but decreased at all of the other dilutions with storage, with 44-percent fragility on Day 35 at the 1:2 ratio. The WBC and platelet counts decreased consistently over time. Overall, 1 percent of the autologous units were below the cutoff volume of 300 mL at which an adjustment of the anticoagulant volume is required. CONCLUSION: Plasma Hb and plasma potassium concentrations are considerably higher in low-volume units, which indicates that deviation from standard collection procedures is deleterious to RBCs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".