Radiation-Induced Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Head and Neck
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To describe the occurrence of radiation-induced soft tissue sarcomas in a retrospectively analyzed cohort of patients. To analyze the histologic subtypes and survival in this rare disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: While performing a retrospective analysis of soft tissue sarcomas in patients treated between 1974 and 1999 at the two major cancer centres in Alberta (Canada), eight patients presenting with nine sarcomas occurring in a previously radiated site were identified. Eight fulfilled the criteria for radiation-induced sarcoma. RESULTS: Radiation-induced sarcomas occurred between 10 months and more than 50 years after irradiation (median 7.35 years). Patients' ages ranged from 36 to 88 years (median 77.3 years) at the time of their sarcoma diagnosis. Histologically, four malignant fibrous histiocytomas, two dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, two carcinosarcomas, and one fibrosarcoma were diagnosed. All patients received surgery as the primary treatment. Complete resection could not be achieved in three cases. Two of them died of disease. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 50%, whereas the 5-year overall survival rate was 25%. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy can induce malignancies after a latency period of a few months to several years. Radiation-induced sarcomas are associated with poor overall prognosis. The treatment in most cases is late and ineffective. The population at risk for the development of radiation-induced sarcoma is increasing, so vigilance is required in the follow-up of those patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".