Characterization and Inhibition of a Nickel-Alpha-Hydroxyoxime (LIX 63) Salt Precipitate Formed under Proposed Commercial Operating Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a prospective commercial solvent extraction (SX) process, laboratory-scale continuous tests were recently undertaken to assess the use of a solution of LIX 63 hydroxyoxime (“hydroxyoxime”) and Versatic 10 to kinetically separate cobalt from a nickel-rich sulfate solution while simultaneously rejecting manganese and magnesium. A material quantity of blue precipitate observed in the strip stage cells during decommissioning has been identified as the sulfate salt of the nickel-tris hydroxyoxime complex. As precipitation during SX is undesirable, the effect of various operating parameters on precipitate formation has been investigated. Minimizing aqueous nickel and/or sulfuric acid concentration and/or increasing organic polarity can overcome this problem. Where it forms, hydroxyoxime and nickel can be recovered from the precipitate by redissolution under suitable (e.g., low acid) operating conditions. The nitrate salt counterpart of this sulfate precipitate has been crystallographically characterized using a short chained (C 8 ) analogue of LIX 63 hydroxyoxime, revealing the coordination of three neutral hydroxyoxime ligands around nickel, forming a monomeric coordination complex cation counterbalanced by nitrate anions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".