Leaf and Stem Characteristics of Timothy Plants Divergently Selected for the Ratio of Lignin to Cellulose
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Improved dry matter (DM) digestibility of herbage can be due to changes in fiber composition of leaves and/or stems, and/or to changes in the proportion of leaves and stems in the herbage. Previously, we reported that divergent selection for the ratio of acid detergent lignin (ADL) to cellulose (ADL/CEL) led to differences in timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) DM digestibility. Here, we examined plant morphology (leaf‐to‐stem ratio, plant height and area, and stem diameter), leaf and stem fiber composition, and leaf and stem digestibility in timothy genotypes selected for high or low values of ADL/CEL and in divergent progeny populations derived from these selections. Parental genotypes and their progeny populations were field grown for 2 yr, and measurements were taken at the first harvest of each year. Selection for low values of ADL/CEL reduced ADL and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations in stems and increased the in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of stems but had no consistent direct effects on plant morphology or leaf characteristics. Averaged over 2 yr, stems of the low‐ADL/CEL group of genotypes had lower ADL and NDF concentrations (by 3.4 and 12 g kg −1 DM, respectively) and a higher IVTD value (by 22 g kg −1 DM) than those of the high ADL/CEL group of genotypes. In addition, stems of the low‐ADL/CEL progeny population had lower ADL and NDF concentrations (by 4.2 and 26 g kg −1 DM, respectively) and a higher IVTD value (by 22 g kg −1 DM) than those of the high ADL/CEL progeny population. Thus, the observed changes in overall herbage DM digestibility due to selection for this ratio can be attributed mainly to modification of stem digestibility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".