Fluidisation behaviour of struvite recovered from wastewater
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comprehensive characterisation of struvite particles produced from the Edmonton, AB, Canada, wastewater treatment plant was performed. The characterisation of struvite particles included the determination of intrinsic static parameters such as size, density, shape and morphology, as well as the determination of their dynamic behaviour in relation to liquid flow; this included terminal settling velocity, minimum fluidisation velocity and bed expansion characteristics for both monosized and multiparticle systems. The different sizes of struvite particles possessed almost identical dry densities and a nearly spheroidal shape. A very good correlation between average experimental terminal velocities and those predicted by the existing correlations was observed. A correlation reported in the literature was found to provide conservative values of the minimum fluidisation velocity (Umf) for all size groups, with an average deviation of 10%. The expansion characteristics of the monodispersed struvite particle bed were well represented by the Richardson–Zaki relationship, and the expansion index for the struvite particles could be correlated with the particle Reynolds number at terminal settling velocities. Finally, for a multiparticle system, the bed expansion behaviour for struvite particles was better predicted by the serial model than by the average model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".