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Record W2070274238 · doi:10.12789/geocanj.2013.40.021

Disparate Paths in the Geologic Evolution of the Northern and Southern Appalachians: A Case for Inherited Contrasting Crustal/Lithospheric Substrates

2013· article· en· W2070274238 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueGeoscience Canada · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicGeological and Geochemical Analysis
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNational Science Foundation
KeywordsForeland basinGeologyOrogenyTerraneBasementPaleozoicMagmatismPaleontologyTectonicsCarboniferousMetamorphismRiftPlateau (mathematics)LaurentiaMountain formationEarth scienceStructural basin

Abstract

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Modern understanding of the tectonic evolution of the Appalachian orogen allows for recognition of most of the first-order lithotectonic elements and events of the mountain belt. Comparison of these features and events along the length of the orogen indicates that the northern and southern segments display distinct first-order differences. Contrasts between these segments existed from the onset of the Appalachian cycle. It has been recognized that Mesoproterozoic basement rock types south of approximately Pennsylvania are different from those to the north and more recently it has been shown that basement rocks in each area display distinct Nd and Pb isotopic signatures. Also, an early, ca. 770–680 Ma, Cryogenian stage of rifting is recorded in the southern Appalachians, but is not documented in the northern part of the orogen. During the Paleozoic Appalachian cycle, the accretion of peri-Gondwanan terranes was partitioned; Carolinia and Suwannee are confined to the southern Appalachians, and Ganderia, Avalonia, and Meguma to the northern Appalachians. Consequential to this partitioning, associated magmatism and some of the attendant tectonism is asymmetrically distributed between the two segments of the orogen. The terminal Appalachian collisional event, the Carboniferous Alleghanian orogeny, is distinctly different in the two segments of the orogen. The volumes of Alleghanian magmatic rocks in the northern and southern Appalachians are distributed asymmetrically and Carboniferous tectonic styles contrast sharply between the two regions. In addition, there is a modern first-order topographic change in the foreland of the orogeny. The southern foreland is characterized by a continuous, elevated plateau, whereas north of the New York promontory, foreland topography is more varied. Throughout the Appalachian cycle, all of these varied first-order changes occur in the vicinity of the New York promontory, suggesting that the promontory represents an enduring, fundamental boundary in the orogen. The nature and duration of differences between the northern and southern segments of the orogen indicate that this boundary was not an extrinsic ephemeral feature, such as a plate triple junction or hot spot. Rather, we suggest that an intrinsic difference in the Laurentian crustal/lithospheric(?) substrate present from the outset of the Appalachian cycle, as reflected by contrasts in the Mesoproterozoic basement in each segment, could be the root cause of these significant contrasts.SOMMAIREL’état actuel des connaissances sur l’évolution tectonique de l’orogène appalachien nous permet de reconnaître la plupart des éléments et des événements lithotectoniques de premier niveau de la chaîne de montagnes. La comparaison de ces caractéristiques et événements tout au long de l'orogène permet de distinguer des différences de premier ordre entre les segments nord et sud. Des contrastes entre ces segments ont existé depuis le début des Appalaches. Il a été reconnu que les roches de type socle du Mésoprotérozoïque à partir du sud de la Pennsylvanie environ, diffèrent de celles au nord, et plus récemment, il a été démontré que les roches de socle dans chacun de ces segments ont des signatures isotopiques Nd et Pb distinctes. En outre, un début de phase de distension au Cryogénien (770-680 Ma env.) est présent dans le segment sud des Appalaches, mais n'est pas documenté dans le segment nord de l'orogène. Durant le cycle paléozoïque des Appalaches, l'accrétion des terranes péri-Gondwana a été partagé; les terranes de Carolinia et de Suwannee sont confinés au segment sud des Appalaches, alors que ceux de Ganderia, d’Avalonie, et de Meguma sont confinés au segment nord des Appalaches. Conséquence de cette répartition, le magmatisme associé ainsi qu’une partie du diastrophisme relié sont répartis de manière asymétrique entre les deux segments de l'orogène. La phase terminale de collision des Appalaches, l'orogenèse Carbonifère alléghanienne, est nettement différente dans les deux segments de l'orogène. Les volumes des roches magmatiques alléghaniennes dans les Appalaches septentrionales et méridionales sont répartis de manière asymétrique et les styles tectoniques carbonifères contrastent fortement entre ces deux régions. En outre, on observe une différence topographique de premier ordre dans l’état actuel de l'avant-pays de l'orogenèse. Le segment sud de l'avant-pays est caractérisé par un plateau élevé continu, alors qu’au nord du promontoire de New York, la topographie d'avant-pays est plus diversifiée. Tout du long du cycle des Appalaches, tous ces changements variés de premier ordre existent au pourtour du promontoire de New York, ce qui permet de penser que le promontoire représente une frontière déterminante durable dans l'orogène. La nature et la persistance de ces différences entre les segments nord et sud de l'orogène indiquent que cette limite n'était pas une caractéristique éphémère extrinsèque, comme une jonction triple de plaque ou un point chaud. Nous suggérons plutôt qu'une différence intrinsèque dans la croûte/substrat lithosphérique(?) laurentien existait dès le début du cycle des Appalaches, comme en témoignent les contrastes dans le socle mésoprotérozoïque dans chaque segment, et pourrait être la cause de ces contrastes significatifs.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.072
Threshold uncertainty score0.249

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.161
Teacher spread0.154 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it