Effect of Turbulence With Different Vortical Structures on Stagnation Region Heat Transfer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of freestream turbulence with different vortical structures on the stagnation region heat transfer was experimentally studied. Reynolds numbers, based on leading edge diameter of the heat transfer model with a cylindrical leading edge, ranged from 67,750 to 142,250. Turbulence generating grids of parallel rods were placed at several positions upstream of the heat transfer model in orientations where the rods were perpendicular and parallel to the stagnation line. The turbulence intensity and ratio of integral length scale to leading edge diameter were in the range 3.93 to 11.78 percent and 0.07 to 0.70, respectively. The grids with rods perpendicular to the stagnation line, where the primary vortical structures are expected to be perpendicular to the stagnation line, result in higher heat transfer than those with rods parallel to the stagnation line. The measured heat transfer data and turbulence characteristics are compared with existing correlation models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".