Combined electrochemical and biological treatment of industrial wastewater using porous electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Zn2+, Ni2+ and propylene glycol methyl ether were simultaneously removed from simulated wastewater in a column consisting of an aerated packed bed and an electrochemical cell with a porous aluminium foam cathode and a porous stainless steel anode. After 48 h of sole electrochemical treatment at a liquid rate of 0.00183 m3 m−2 s−1, Zn2+ and Ni2+ were reduced by 95 and 80% respectively. In the turbulent flow regime with liquid rates varied from 0.0137 to 0.0366 m3 m−2 s−1, both Zn2+ and Ni2+ removal decreased by about 15% rather than increased as expected for a mass transfer‐controlled process. This can be attributed to bubble formation at the cathode surface under turbulent flow, which led to a lower active surface area for the electrodeposition of metal ions. Porous electrodes enhanced the metal removal by 17 and 60% for Zn2+ and Ni2+ respectively as compared with flat plate electrodes. Using combined biological and electrochemical treatment at a water rate of 0.00183 m3 m−2 s−1 and an air rate of 0.0518 m3 m−2 s−1, 99% of Zn2+ and 95% of Ni2+ were removed. In addition, the 5 day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) was reduced by 58% concurrently over 72 h of treatment. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".