A multiple biomarker approach to tracking the fate of an ice algal bloom to the sea floor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In ice-covered Arctic seas, the ice algal production can be the main input of organic matter to the ecosystem. Pelagic–benthic coupling is thought to be particularly tight in those areas. The increase in ice algal production in Franklin Bay from January/February to April/May 2004 paralleled an increase in benthic oxygen demand. However, sedimentary chlorophyll a, which is usually an indicator of “fresh” organic matter inputs to the sea floor, did not increase. Consequently, it was asked what was the fate of the ice algal phytodetritus arriving at the sea floor? To answer this question, photosynthetic pigments from the sea ice, water column particulate organic matter, and sediment, as well as diatom frustules in the sediment, were studied from January to May 2004. The number of ice diatom cells in the sediment showed an increase in April/May, confirming higher inputs of fresh ice algae to the sediment. Changes in sedimentary pigment profiles in the first 10 cm suggested an increase in bioturbation due to enhanced benthic activities. Finally, the decrease in the ratio of chlorophyll a to phaeophorbide a implied an increase in macrobenthic activity. Benthic macrofauna consumed some of the deposited material and mixed some within the top five cm of sediment. The response of sedimentary pigments to an ice algal input can be studied at different levels and it is only the combination of these studies that will allow an understanding of the overall fate of phytodetritus in the benthic compartment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".